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Contents move to sidebar hide. Conventionally radiotherapy is given after the operation for breast cancer. Retrieved 26 June Media Requests. One or more lymph nodes may be biopsied during the surgery; increasingly the lymph node sampling is performed by a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Retrieved 31 January High levels of oxytocin trigger the contraction of muscle cells surrounding the alveoli, causing milk to flow along the ducts that connect the alveoli to the nipple. Connective Tissue Stroma The connective tissue stroma is a supporting structure which surrounds the mammary glands. When given intraoperatively as targeted intraoperative radiotherapy , it may also have a beneficial effect on tumour microenvironment. Tumors can appear unusually dense within the breast, distort the shape of surrounding tissue, or cause small dense flecks called microcalcifications. The base of each breast is attached to the chest by the deep fascia over the pectoralis major muscles. Lehmiller

Prospective mates can then evaluate the genes of a potential mate for their ability to sustain her health even with the additional energy demanding burden she is carrying. Retrieved 13 February Retrieved 7 March After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Radiation treatments may interfere with the mother's ability to breastfeed her baby because it reduces the ability of that breast to produce milk and increases the risk of mastitis. This is a potential space, often used in reconstructive plastic surgery. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. At the sides of the chest, the breast tissue can extend into the axilla armpit , and can reach as far to the back as the latissimus dorsi muscle , extending from the lower back to the humerus bone the bone of the upper arm.

Anatomical Structure

The familial tendency to develop these cancers is called hereditary breast—ovarian cancer syndrome. Become familiar with your breasts through breast self-exam for breast awareness. There may also be discharge from the nipple. The breast can be considered to be composed of two regions: Circular body - largest and most prominent part of the breast. Retrieved 2 January Unnatural history: breast cancer and American society. When in Betty Ford was diagnosed with breast cancer, the options for treating breast cancer were openly discussed in the press. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. Exposure to artificial light during sleeping might also be risk factor for the development of breast cancer. The chest thoracic cavity progressively slopes outwards from the thoracic inlet atop the breastbone and above to the lowest ribs that support the breasts. Note that the axillary tail has not been labelled in this diagram. Lyon ".

Breast cancer - Wikipedia

• As Paget's disease of the breast advances, symptoms may include Breast, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, and pain.
• They become stony hard and fixed.
• American College of Surgeons.

The breasts are paired structures located on the anterior thoracic wall, in the pectoral region. They are present in both males and females, yet are more prominent in females following puberty. In females, the breasts contain the mammary glands — an accessory gland of the female reproductive system. The mammary glands are the key structures involved in lactation. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the breasts — their structure, innervation, vascular supply and any clinical relevance. The breast is located on the anterior thoracic wall. It extends horizontally from the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Vertically, it spans between the 2nd and 6th costal cartilages. It lies superficially to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. At the centre of the breast is the nipple , composed mostly of smooth muscle fibres. Surrounding the nipple is a pigmented area of skin termed the areolae. There are numerous sebaceous glands within the areolae — these enlarge during pregnancy, secreting an oily substance that acts as a protective lubricant for the nipple. Fig 1 — The surface anatomy of the breast. Note that the axillary tail has not been labelled in this diagram. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands. They consist of a series of ducts and secretory lobules

Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include obesitya lack of physical exerciseBreast, alcohol consumption, hormone replacement therapy during menopauseionizing radiationan early age at Breast menstruationhaving children late in life or not at all, older age, having a Breast history of breast cancer, and a family history of breast cancer. The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial, Breast. A Cochrane review found that it was unclear if mammographic screening does more harm than good, in that a large proportion of women who test positive turn out not to have Breast disease, Breast. Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on Breast cancer type, the extent of diseaseand the person's age. Most people with breast cancer have no symptoms at the time of diagnosis; their tumor is detected by a breast cancer screening test, Breast. Pampers dry found in lymph nodes located in the armpits [20] may also indicate breast cancer, Breast.

Breast. The Breasts

Back to Health A to Z. Breast cancer is the most common type of Breast in the UK. Most women diagnosed with breast cancer are over the age of 50, but younger women can also get breast cancer. About 1 in 7 women are diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. There's a good chance of recovery if it's detected at an early stage, Breast. For Breast reason, it's vital that women check their breasts regularly for any changes and always have any changes examined by a GP. In rare cases, men can also be diagnosed with breast cancer. Find out more about breast cancer in men, Breast. Breast cancer can have several Breast, but the first noticeable symptom is usually a lump or area of thickened breast tissue. Most breast lumps are not cancerous, Breast, but it's always best to have them checked Breast a doctor. Find out more about the symptoms of breast cancer, Breast. The pieluchomajtki dla chorych na raka causes of breast cancer are not fully understood. However, there are certain factors known to increase the risk of breast cancer, Breast. Find out more about the causes of breast cancer.

Surface Anatomy

The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of a primate 's torso. Both females and males develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. In females, it serves as the mammary gland , which produces and secretes milk to feed infants. At the ends of the ducts are lobules , or clusters of alveoli , where milk is produced and stored in response to hormonal signals. Humans are the only animals with permanent breasts. At puberty , estrogens, in conjunction with growth hormone , cause permanent breast growth in female humans.

Studies have looked at the link between breast cancer and diet. New York; Toronto: J, Breast.

How To Catch Breast Cancer Early: Stanford Doctors Explain Mammography Options