Main article: Political divisions of Russia. The death of Ivan's sons marked the end of the ancient Rurik dynasty in , and in combination with the disastrous famine of — , led to a civil war, the rule of pretenders, and foreign intervention during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century. In addition to the modern Russian alphabet, Unicode and thus UTF-8 encodes the Early Cyrillic alphabet which is very similar to the Greek alphabet , and all other Slavic and non-Slavic but Cyrillic-based alphabets. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. Bulgarian Church Slavonic Macedonian. However, Russian has a constraint on syllabification such that syllables cannot span multiple morphemes. The Russian Academy 's first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared in Historically, Russian athletes have been one of the most successful contenders in the Olympic Games. Ultimately, Ukraine was split along the Dnieper , leaving the eastern part, Left-bank Ukraine and Kiev under Russian rule. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia assumed responsibility for settling the latter's external debts. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow.
Retrieved May 16, Archived from the original on July 1, Russian is one of the official languages or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian of the following:. Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin , which was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in See also Russian language in Israel. The earliest attempts at standardizing Russian were made based on the so-called Moscow official or chancery language, during the 15th to 17th centuries. Archived from the original on April 15, The economic and political collapse of the Soviet Union led Russia into a deep and prolonged depression. Russian was used not only on
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Federation Council. The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one but continues to preserve characteristic forms. Violations of human rights in Russia have been increasingly criticised by leading democracy and human rights groups. Archived from the original on June 23, The regions of Russia have reserved areas of competence, but no regions have sovereignty, do not have the status of a sovereign state, do not have the right to indicate any sovereignty in their constitutions and do not have the right to secede from the country. UN Stats. A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. The punctuation, originally based on Byzantine Greek , was in the 17th and 18th centuries reformulated on the French and German models. Retrieved July 16, In March , Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. November 8,
Russian language - Wikipedia
- From onwards, Russian, the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachevwho sought Russian enact liberal reforms in the Soviet system, introduced the policies of glasnost openness and perestroika restructuring in an attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and to democratise the government, Russian.
- Fennig, eds.
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- Main articles: Russian language and Languages of Russia.
It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia. There are several words in Russian which translate to "Russians" in English. According to the Primary Chronicle , the word Rus' is derived from the Rus' people , who were a Swedish tribe, and where the three original members of the Rurikid dynasty came from. The first human settlement on Russia dates back to the Oldowan period in the early Lower Paleolithic.
Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic language Russian, spoken primarily in Russia, Russian. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the Russian Soviet Union. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide. Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with Russian secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent Russian of the language, Russian. Another important aspect is the reduction of Russian vowels. Stresswhich is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically[36] though an optional acute accent may be used to mark stress — such as to distinguish between homographic words pieluchomajtki na basen.
Russian. Russian Dictionary
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Russia, by constitution, is a symmetric federal republic with a semi-presidential systemwherein the Russian is the head of stateRussian, [] and the prime minister is the head of government.
Russian president Vladimir Putin braves subzero lake to mark Orthodox Epiphany
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