In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Archived from the original on May 12, November 8, The punctuation, originally based on Byzantine Greek , was in the 17th and 18th centuries reformulated on the French and German models. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Federal regions also have their own departments of health that oversee local administration. Retrieved May 22, Slavic languages. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. Archived from the original on December 26,
Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. Contents move to sidebar hide. The Daily Telegraph. Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov 's.
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According to the Primary Chronicle , a Varangian from the Rus' people , named Rurik , was elected ruler of Novgorod in The officers who pursued Napoleon into Western Europe brought ideas of liberalism back to Russia, and attempted to curtail the tsar's powers during the abortive Decembrist revolt of Petersburg Phonological School , which are written with different letters depending on whether the preceding consonant is palatalized. Steppe dialect of Ukrainian with Russian influences Balachka. Retrieved May 2, The total length of common-used railway tracks is the world's third-longest , and exceeds 87, km 54, mi. Prior to the Bolshevik Revolution , the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Tula dialect. Novgorod dialect 4. Federal Assembly. Main article: Climate of Russia. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. Eventually Joseph Stalin , the General Secretary of the Communist Party , managed to suppress all opposition factions and consolidate power in his hands to become the country's dictator by the s. The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice. Retrieved March 22,
Russian Dictionary
- Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routesand by the midth century, there were Russian settlements in eastern Siberia, Russian, on the Chukchi Peninsulaalong the Amur Riverand on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
- Retrieved November 1,
- The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term and may be elected no more than twice, Russian.
- Constitution of the Russian Federation".
- The standard language is used in written and spoken form almost everywhere in the country, Russian, from Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg in the West to Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the East, the enormous Russian between notwithstanding.
- Russian mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century.
It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally.
Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languageRussian, spoken primarily in Russia, Russian. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Russian language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide, Russian. Russian is written Russian the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary Russian and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or soft counterpart, Russian, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels.
Russian. Russian Dictionary
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Russian era of the s and the early s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. The dialects often show distinct and non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary, and grammar, Russian.
Russian president Vladimir Putin braves subzero lake to mark Orthodox Epiphany
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